Reproductive health education in disadvantaged adolescents in Thailand and India (case study in the north)

NEED AND CONTEXT
It has been observed that the recent economic growth in Asian cities indicate that there has been a collapse of traditional support systems such as family, due to rapid urbanization and modernization. Moreover, a large number of people living below the poverty line in the environment in poor urban and rural communities. Their needs acute housing, food, health, education and income are the very forces that impel adolescents to seek a living on the streets, prostitution, be connected with the crime / drug syndicates, or become victims of sexual and physical abuse. It is a battle of naked fight for daily survival and contributes in every way they can. Any measure to penalize parents of these children will only lead to further abuse and oppression of the people who are already disadvantaged. These children are fighting hard to get the most essential requirements to meet the basic needs of life and these children need special attention and intervention education. These are generally disadvantaged adolescents often malnourished and anemic, many of them physically disabled, suffer undue psychological pressures and family abuse and neglect at home. They tend to develop low self-esteem of broken families, single parent households due to death, separation or migration labor of one of their parents. On the other hand, live in slums and settlements, the inhumane conditions and are susceptible to crime syndicates and gang conflict, substance or drug abuse, and gambling.

In developing countries and developed countries such as India and Thailand, a large percentage of the population living below the poverty line and environment of these difficulties adolescents face in access to quality education. It is therefore considered that both the envelope and adolescents are in the process development and failure to meet their development needs have been provided to safe behavior and destruction of series. Teens skills for life without layer to the realities and challenges of life. Teens agreements for most of the world's population and have continued an upward trend and there are "230 million indigenous adolescents in the age group of 4 to 19 "people (and IndoShare Health, 2006). On the other hand, is expected to continue this age group to grow to over "214 million in 2020 (United Nations (UN) 2000), because it has traditionally been a male dominated society and has a strong preference for children but the majority of indigenous girls tend to be discriminated against by their families as well as demographic trends indicate discrimination deep-seated gender. In India, the status of disadvantaged adolescents seemed to be the hub of its centers in Thailand. Teenagers are facing indigenous serious problem of lack of access to reliable knowledge of the growth process reproductive health practices and value system. There was a need to provide education changes in the development and needs of adolescents. This can reduce the risk of future.

Today, almost all Indian and Thai whether rich or poor, young or old, are exposed to many things that are foreign, mostly because in the last two decades, India and Thailand has become one of the most popular destinations tourists in the region. Sometimes, the growth of the economy and favorable investment opportunities have also attracted many foreign multinationals, which are to add to the already large expatriate community fair. However, despite the intensity of their exposure to "foreign" influences, cultures and styles Western life in particular, India and Thai culture remains a strong influence within the family and early childhood. From birth, India and Thailand Adolescents are even more deeply immersed in the culture of what they are exposed to foreign influences, despite the rapid changes that have affected India and adolescents Thai. Teens from families with emotional problems are deferred and taken to the drift as vagrants, delinquent children with im-permissive behavior as vagrancy, gambling, drug addiction, delinquency, truancy, prostitution and begging, illegal businesses. Given these negative behaviors, cases illegal pregnancy, infant abandonment, and HIV / AIDS infection are becoming more and more severe.

Also reported: "Children Thailand are spending more time talking and talking on the phone and fashion models of mobile phones, love going out with friends at night, the problem drugs and the loss of Thai identity and buying branded products. The latest fad among the hobbies of many of today's children are getting is Thailand increasingly violent and blame society and his own family for his behavior and participation in early sex, drugs and aggression. "The study found that despite the well-to-do family history of the teens surveyed, most of them shared a common problem of loneliness, depressive tendencies and a need for love. "gap between parents and children is greater than ever before, resulting from broken families or families that faya to instill morals in their children because the time for Havenless children and had left the danger of sick and violent society in Thailand (Aphaluck Bhatiasevi, Thongbai Thongpao 2002), (Tong Thumb Wrestling, 2006)

With the best intentions and efforts of education as a social instrument, it is possible to promote the overall welfare of the disadvantaged population. Between various types of disadvantaged adolescents, teens are forced to enter the labor market and adolescents affected by HIV / AIDS and adolescents affected by drugs need special attention. They have trouble getting adequate guidance to overcome personal problems and need proper guidance and counseling to become aware the harmful effects of drugs, the labor market and HIV / AIDS. It may not be possible to develop awareness in the expected way through the normal school curriculum. Therefore, a separate educational intervention, which is nothing but a planned program of educational guidance, organized to meet the scientific and psychological needs of disadvantaged children and adolescents in the age group 13-16. Therefore, in this study, it will be made to study the adaptation of education in disadvantaged adolescents and to find out the impact of a structured intervention program of education in the development of conscience and the right attitude towards reproductive health, drugs, sexuality and values.

This study examined the impact of an educational intervention program on knowledge and attitude on disadvantaged adolescents in northern India and Thailand. The study aims to evaluate and compare the knowledge of the growth process, HIV / AIDS, values and attitudes of teenage students remain in the schools. reproductive health education is a key strategy for promoting preventive measures among adolescents.
Methos
The study sample consisted 225 disadvantaged teenagers, which included 125 adolescents in India (Chennai Slum area Himmat, Jammu region) and Thailand (Chiang Mai Developing People and Yong Anusorn Teresa Foundation (Prohibition of Teresa) Chiang Rai province). The population sample of adolescents are disadvantaged residents of orphanages and slum area and studying in secondary school classes in the age group 13 to 16 years. Data were collected through the administration of knowledge test consisting of items process of growth in HIV / AIDS, reproductive organs and their functions for family planning and parenthood and the scale to measure the attitudes of beliefs and practices about sexuality and abstinence. An experimental design of the experimental group the control group was formed. The questionnaires were translated from English to Hindi and Thai (Respondent's mother tongue), and then back to English to ensure that no point was lost in translation. It uses two groups of students: both groups gave the Pre-Test and Post-Test, where the experimental group were given the program intervention and control group did not provide any intervention program.
Group control – were not in two states: ten managers face to face interviews and focus groups with disadvantaged teenagers in India and Thailand.
first state in the country of India, 10 Indian managers were called disadvantaged young Indians there house in the slum areas (Jammu), compilation of data collected adjustment was a guest in each of the individuals and groups for Hindi (mother tongue of the respondent).
second state in the country of Thailand: 125 questionnaires in Thai (Mother tongue of the respondent) were administered to disadvantaged adolescents from two Thai orphanages, later picked up the questionnaires.
Audit / Program Treatment
Experts: Facilitators who were willing to participate in the study were invited to the reception of community awareness, distribution CD booklets and training;
Experimental group: 200 students (and also internal) belonging to Chennai Himmat, slum area (Jammu, India), Teresa Anusorn Foundation (Prohibition of Teresa), and individuals to develop Yong (Thailand) that had managed at least know the scores, they were given a training program days intervention or treatment;
In the morning: the orientation and program participants concentrated on basic issues as the general framework of growth in adolescence, and consisted of discussions and demonstrations. The practical training program of activities to develop the level of knowledge and attitudes about HIV / AIDS, drug abuse and reproductive health education
In the late evening until: the revised questionnaires were administered to the experimental group as in 3 sessions: (A) personal data. (B) The level of knowledge and attitudes were administered to find themselves and whenever there was doubt in understanding the issues, administrators are made easy through complementary examples. In addition, (c) group discussed the preparation of the measures suggested to improve and policies.
Study design
An educational intervention program consisting of awareness presented through the media presentation, discussion and interaction are presented the experimental group. Universal and multivariate data analysis were used to assess the impact of interventions and to identify predictors of change in knowledge and attitude. Significant changes in terms of gain between pre-test and post-test was observed.
Analysis
The questionnaires were collected and entered into the computer. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS. After verification and reduction of data, frequencies descriptive were completed. This was followed by the procedures single and multi-variate varieties to assess the impact of interventions and to identify other predictors of change knowledge and attitude. The analysis was stratified by sex shows how responses to the variables of knowledge and attitude, are different children, age and education. Descriptive statistics were used for the profile of the study population. Knowledge and attitude was then used to explore the demographic variables associated with HIV / AIDS, drug abuse and reproductive health education. The following statistical techniques applied in this project: samples "t" evidence and "F" to the test.
RESULTS
The demographic profile of India and Thailand 250 respondent questionnaires shows the relationship between the characteristics Population of India and Thailand is based Indian boys (54.40%) less than Thai children (56%) and Indian girls (45.60%) rather than Thailand girls (44%). In the same age group of Indian and Thai 15 years, and the same high school in India: (Standard: 9) and Thailand: (Grade 3), 05 had major shows in Table 1.
Responses were grouped in the comparison of the scores of India and Thailand disadvantaged adolescents after to receive treatment on knowledge and attitude on HIV / AIDS, drug abuse and reproductive health education, all participants (N = 200) were group interviewed and after the intervention had significant difference is (0.05) are shown in Table 2-16.
The results also revealed significant differences between boys and girls in knowledge and attitude towards reproductive health education. Study implications for awareness programs were suggested.
DISCUSSION
In many northern states of India and Thailand, HIV / AIDS, drug abuse and reproductive health needs of adolescents in India and Thailand disadvantaged are misunderstood or not fully appreciated. The evidence is growing that this negligence could endanger the HIV / AIDS, drug abuse and reproductive health education and future well-being.
The policies addressed the effectiveness of the highlights planned for what to must be done to promote and protect disadvantaged adolescents in India and Thailand in the future as all schools should make textbooks making learning interesting following extensive community awareness in support of appropriate adolescent reproductive health in India and Thailand and cultural traditions. Because India and the culture Thai tradition, the teens learn they maintain long time ago that made them grow in life are wrong and against morality.
India and adolescent problems Thai spring from the families themselves having been victims of sexual abuse or because their families could not understand the behavior of adolescents and teach them health education on reproductive and sexual health education. , Which should improve the knowledge and attitude of adolescent students with modern media families. In addition, it was found that violated sexually abused in India and Thailand teens should learn and practice self-protection and must meet the knowledge Rights of the Child and more.
India disadvantaged adolescents
1. Disadvantaged adolescents India forget their home, school and no country of knowledge. Tend not to develop the confident and very poor knowledge, attitudes about reproductive health, drugs and HIV / AIDS. And must improve and increase learning attitude and knowledge and understanding of disadvantaged adolescents
2. In India, the organizations responsible governmental organizations in India need to develop policies for adolescents and should include education on HIV / AIDS and health plans in schools. In addition, reproductive health services for adolescents girls' education are especially needed in schools and families.
3. Parents, families, teachers and administrators in orphanages or schools should be encouraged to discuss or provide guidance and approval on reproductive health education, drugs and HIV / AIDS with their disadvantaged adolescents.

Thailand teens disadvantaged
1. Should be to improve and increase knowledge and understanding attitude of disadvantaged adolescents in the north on the reproductive health education and sexual health education.
2. Especially in northern Thailand with greater spread of drugs and HIV / AIDS, therefore, as it should teach or train to get the attitude of knowledge and understanding of reproductive health to adolescents and parents more than others.
3. Education for reproductive and sexual health should be included in the curriculum for the second level – primary education (grades 4-6), Third Level – Secondary education (grades 1-3) and fourth level – secondary education (Grades 4-6). It's too late to start from the third level – secondary education (grades 1-3) in Thailand therefore, the Ministry of Education must preparing a new policy to put this issue in basic education Official Curriculum as soon as possible.
4. It seems that in Thailand the media has caused a change in the values related to sex among adolescents. With the misuse of the Internet for information on the issue of sex in the supplemented with the use of cell phones, TV, VCD, DVD and brochures is increasingly Crime problems of sexual abuse. Therefore, the qualities of textbooks and brochures to be distributed to teens.
TABLE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I thank Dr. SN Sridhar, Research Guide for me. I would like also a great help and thank the following students, Mr. Kasama Sakonllapap, Mr. Santi Jongkongka, Mr. Prasarn Ruansang and people for their support. I thank the Father Carlo Luzzi, Elisa Cavana Mother, Father Niphot Thiengwiharn and my family for their contribution to this study, by finance.

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